???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?? 200 ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????. ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????.

?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???. ?? ????? "????? ??? ???? ??? ?????"? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? "???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????"? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????. ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????????.

?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????. ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? "???? ????? ???????"? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????.

??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? 1967 ?1982. ??? ??? 1970? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? 2749 (15)? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???????. ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? "???? ????? ???????"? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????.

???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????.

??? ?????? ????? 24 ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ????????. ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? 1982 (UNCLOS)? ????? ???? ????? 168 ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ????????. ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? "??? ???????"? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????. ?????? "??? ???????" ??? ???? ????? ?? 50 ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????.

??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? "????????"? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????. ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ???????. ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????. ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????????.

????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????. ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????. ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ????. ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? (CCZ) ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? 3500 ?5500 ???. ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ????????.

??????????? ????? ??????? (???? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? SMS) ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? 2000 ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????. ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? 400 ???? ?????. ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? "???????? ?????" (Black Smokers). ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???????. ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????.

?????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? 400 ?7000 ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???????. ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????. ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? 100,000 ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? 1000 ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????. ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????.

????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? (UNCLOS)? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????. ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????????? ????????. ???????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? "????? ??????? ???????"? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????.

??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? 28 ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? 1.3 ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????????. ??? ????? ??????/ ????? 2017? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????. ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? (UNCLOS)? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????. ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? "lnteroceanmetal Joint Organization" (??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????). ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????.

????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ???????. ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ????????. ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????. ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ????????. ?? ???? ??????????? ??????? ???? ????? (SMS) ????? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????. ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????. ??? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????. ???? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?????.

?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????????)? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????. ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????. ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????. ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ??????. ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????.

??? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? (UNCLOS) ??? 1982 ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???????. ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? 50 ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????. ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? 50 ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? "?????? ??????? ???????"? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? 30 ???????. ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??????????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? 14 ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????????.