91Â鶹ÌìÃÀ

§°§°§¯ §Ó §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú

§²§Ö§Ù§à§Ý§ð§è§Ú§ñ §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§Ú §°§°§¯

§£ §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§Ö 1990-§ç §Ô§à§Õ§à§Ó §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§ñ §°§°§¯ , §é§ä§à §Ü§â§Ñ§Û§ß§ñ§ñ §ß§Ú§ë§Ö§ä§Ñ §Ú §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §à§ä§é§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä §ã§à§Ò§à§Û §á§à§ã§ñ§Ô§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§à §ß§Ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §Õ§à§ã§ä§à§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à. §£ §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §Ô§à§Õ§í §Ò§í§Ý §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß §â§ñ§Õ §Ú§ß§Ú§è§Ú§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ö§Þ§å §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ð §Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§á§è§Ú§Ú §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §á§â§Ñ§Ó §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §Ú §Ü§â§Ñ§Û§ß§Ö§Û §à§Ò§Ö§Ù§Õ§à§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð.

§µ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §£§Ö§â§ç§à§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§Þ§Ú§ã§ã§Ñ§â§Ñ §á§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Þ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ

§£ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ö §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §µ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §£§Ö§â§ç§à§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§Þ§Ú§ã§ã§Ñ§â§Ñ §á§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Þ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §Ý§Ö§Ø§Ú§ä §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à §ß§Ú §à§Õ§ß§à §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã§ä§à§Ý§î §Ó§ã§Ö§à§Ò§ì§Ö§Þ§Ý§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §Ó §á§à§ã§ñ§Ô§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ú§ë§Ö§ä§Ñ.

§¬§à§Þ§Ú§ã§ã§Ú§ñ §á§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Þ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ, §á§â§Ö§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §ß§í§ß§Ö §Ó §³§à§Ó§Ö§ä §á§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Þ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ, §å§Ø§Ö §Õ§Ñ§Ó§ß§à §ß§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§Ý§Ñ , §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Þ§å §á§à§â§å§é§Ö§ß§à §à§è§Ö§ß§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§î §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §á§â§Ñ§Ó §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §Ú §Ü§â§Ñ§Û§ß§Ö§Û §à§Ò§Ö§Ù§Õ§à§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð.

§¬§à§ß§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §ã§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ú§ä§í ¡ª §¥§Ö§Ü§Ý§Ñ§â§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §ä§í§ã§ñ§é§Ö§Ý§Ö§ä§Ú§ñ

§ª§Þ§Ö§ð§ë§Ñ§ñ §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ §°§°§¯ §Ú §Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§é§Ú §ß§Ñ §Ó§í§ã§ê§Ö§Þ §å§â§à§Ó§ß§Ö, §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§Ó§ê§Ú§Ö§ã§ñ §Ó 1990-§ç §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§ç, §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ò§Ö§ã§á§â§Ö§è§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§ß§í§Û §Ô§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §Ü§à§ß§ã§Ö§ß§ã§å§ã §à§ä§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §à§Ò§ë§Ö§Û §Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§á§è§Ú§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ, §à§Ý§Ú§è§Ö§ä§Ó§à§â§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §Ó ??, §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§à§Û §ß§Ñ §³§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö §ä§í§ã§ñ§é§Ö§Ý§Ö§ä§Ú§ñ §Ó 2000 §Ô§à§Õ§å.

§¿§ä§Ñ §Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§á§è§Ú§ñ §Ò§Ñ§Ù§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ó §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à§Û §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§à§Û §Õ§Ý§ñ §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ  (§¸§²§´), §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ú §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §á§Ö§â§Ó§à§Û §Ú§Ù §Ó§à§ã§î§Þ§Ú §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ñ §è§Ö§Ý§î §Ý§Ú§Ü§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ü§â§Ñ§Û§ß§Ö§Û §ß§Ú§ë§Ö§ä§í §Ú §Ô§à§Ý§à§Õ§Ñ.

§¸§Ö§Ý§Ú §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ

§£ 2015 §Ô§à§Õ§å §è§Ö§Ý§Ú §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ (§¸§µ§²) §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§í §Ó§ã§Ö§Þ§Ú §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú ¡ª §é§Ý§Ö§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú §°§°§¯.

§¸§µ§² 1 §±§à§Ó§ã§Ö§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ý§Ú§Ü§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §ß§Ú§ë§Ö§ä§í §Ó§à §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §Ö§Ö §æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§ç ¡ª §ï§ä§à §à§Õ§ß§Ñ §Ú§Ù 17 §è§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û.

§¥§å§â§Ò§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§Ü§Ý§Ñ§â§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ú §±§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û

§¥§å§â§Ò§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§Ü§Ý§Ñ§â§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ú §±§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û §á§â§Ú§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§î §Ú §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô§Ú§Ú §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ, §ã §ä§Ö§Þ §é§ä§à§Ò§í §Ó §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§Ú §å§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§ä§î §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ñ §Ó §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ñ§ç §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú, §à§ä §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §ã§ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä §Ø§Ö§â§ä§Ó§í §â§Ñ§ã§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ. §£ §ï§ä§à§Þ §Ü§à§ß§ä§Ö§Ü§ã§ä§Ö §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §ñ§ã§ß§à, §é§ä§à §Þ§Ö§â§í, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §ß§Ñ §Ý§Ú§Ü§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §ß§Ú§ë§Ö§ä§í §Ú §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §æ§à§â§Þ §Õ§Ú§ã§Ü§â§Ú§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §ä§à§Ý§Ü§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§ß§à §å§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §Ú §Õ§à§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö.

§±§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ö§Ý

§±§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ COVID-19

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Õ§à §á§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ú §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î §Ò§Ö§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §Þ§Ú§â§Ö §ã§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ý§ã§ñ §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §é§Ö§Þ §ß§Ñ§á§à§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ß§å §ã 2000 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ, §ä§à §á§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§ñ COVID-19 §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §Ü §å§Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ò§Ö§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §Þ§Ú§â§Ö §ß§Ñ §á§à§Ý§Þ§Ú§Ý§Ý§Ú§Ñ§â§Õ§Ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü, §Ú§Ý§Ú 8% §à§ä §à§Ò§ë§Ö§Û §é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.

§£ §Ñ§á§â§Ö§Ý§Ö 2020 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §°§°§¯ §Ó§í§á§å§ã§ä§Ú§Ý§Ñ §Ú §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §¶§à§ß§Õ §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§ñ §°§°§¯ §á§à §â§Ö§Ñ§Ô§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Ú §Ó§à§ã§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö COVID-19.

§¥§à §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §á§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ú §Ó§à §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§ç §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ§ç §£§à§ã§ä§à§é§ß§à§Û §Ú §À§Ô§à-§£§à§ã§ä§à§é§ß§à§Û §¡§Ù§Ú§Ú §Ò§í§Ý §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ô§ß§å§ä §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ö§ã§ã §Ó §Ò§à§â§î§Ò§Ö §ã §Ò§Ö§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð, §à§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §Õ§à 42% §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ü §ð§Ô§å §à§ä §³§Ñ§ç§Ñ§â§í §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§ð§ä §Ø§Ú§ä§î §Ù§Ñ §é§Ö§â§ä§à§Û §Ò§Ö§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú.

§³§ã§í§Ý§Ü§Ú

§±§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ

• §¤§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§í §á§à§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ü§Ú §Õ§ß§ñ ¡ª §±§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ
• §£§ã§Ö§à§Ò§ë§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§Ü§Ý§Ñ§â§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ó §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ
• §¤§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§í §á§à§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ü§Ú §Õ§ß§ñ: §­§Ú§Ü§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §ß§Ú§ë§Ö§ä§í

§¸§Ö§Ý§Ú §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ

•  
• §¸§²§´ 1: §­§Ú§Ü§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ü§â§Ñ§Û§ß§Ö§Û §ß§Ú§ë§Ö§ä§í §Ú §Ô§à§Ý§à§Õ§Ñ
• §¸§Ö§Ý§Ú §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ
• §¸§µ§² 1: §±§à§Ó§ã§Ö§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ý§Ú§Ü§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §ß§Ú§ë§Ö§ä§í §Ó§à §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §Ö§Ö §æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§ç

§¥§à§Ü§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í

• §¥§å§â§Ò§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§Ü§Ý§Ñ§â§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ&²Ô²ú²õ±è;§Ú&²Ô²ú²õ±è;§±§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û

§±§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§ß§í§Ö §Õ§Ñ§ä§í §Ú §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú

• §¬§à§ß§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú §°§°§¯ §á§à §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§å §Ò§à§â§î§Ò§í §ã §â§Ñ§ã§Ú§Ù§Þ§à§Þ
• §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Û §Õ§Ö§ß§î §Ò§à§â§î§Ò§í §Ù§Ñ §Ý§Ú§Ü§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §â§Ñ§ã§à§Ó§à§Û §Õ§Ú§ã§Ü§â§Ú§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú
• §£§ã§Ö§Þ§Ú§â§ß§í§Û §Õ§Ö§ß§î §Ò§à§â§î§Ò§í §ã §ä§à§â§Ô§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§Û §Ý§ð§Õ§î§Þ§Ú
• §¥§Ö§ß§î §á§â§Ñ§Ó §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ